Humanism is a learning theory that emphasizes the potential and agency of human beings. It is based on the assumption that people have an innate desire to grow, learn and achieve their full potential. Humanistic educators aim to create learning environments that foster self-actualization, creativity, autonomy and personal growth.
Some of the key principles of humanism are:
– Learners are active participants in their own learning process, not passive recipients of information.
– Learners have unique needs, interests, values and goals that should be respected and supported.
– Learners are motivated by intrinsic factors, such as curiosity, interest, satisfaction and self-esteem, rather than extrinsic rewards or punishments.
– Learners construct meaning from their experiences, rather than accepting predefined truths or authorities.
– Learners benefit from positive feedback, encouragement and guidance, rather than criticism or judgment.
Some of the educational implications of humanism are:
– Curriculum should be flexible and responsive to learners’ needs and interests, rather than standardized and prescribed.
– Instruction should be learner-centered and collaborative, rather than teacher-centered and directive.
– Assessment should be authentic and formative, rather than norm-referenced and summative.
– Learning should be holistic and experiential, rather than fragmented and abstract.
Some of the examples of humanistic approaches in education are:
– Montessori method: A child-centered approach that emphasizes individualized learning, freedom of choice, self-regulation and hands-on activities.
– Waldorf education: A holistic approach that integrates artistic, practical and academic subjects, and fosters imagination, creativity and social skills.
– Reggio Emilia approach: A democratic approach that views children as competent and capable learners, who co-construct knowledge with teachers and peers through projects and dialogue.
Humanism is a learning theory that has influenced many educational practices and philosophies. It offers a humanistic perspective on education that values the dignity, diversity and development of learners.
References:
– Huitt, W. (2009). Humanism and open education. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta State University. Retrieved from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/affect/humed.html
– Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
– Rogers, C. R. (1983). Freedom to learn for the 80s. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
